فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی – مرور سریع با مثال و تمرین

ماکان نیوز 20 خرداد 1403 جمله سازی در انگلیسی, زبان انگلیسی, زمان ها در زبان انگلیسی, گرامر زبان انگلیسی ارسال دیدگاه 0 بازدید

زمان‌های انگلیسی جزو مباحث گرامری مهم و در عین حال چالش‌برانگیز هستند که هر زبان‌آموزی برای تقویت زبان خود باید بتواند بر تک‌تک آن‌ها تسلط کامل داشته باشد. می‌توان آن را به ماشین زمان تشبیه کرد که شنونده را به گذشته، حال و آینده می‌برد. زمان‌های انگلیسی به مخاطب نشان می‌دهد که چه زمانی عمل اتفاق افتاده است؛ گذشته، حال یا آینده. برای تشخیص زمان جمله لازم است دو مشخصه اصلی را مدنظر داشته باشیم: فعل و قید زمان. برای هر یک از زمان‌ها، فعل انگلیسی ساختار متفاوتی دارد و بر اساس آن می‌توانیم زمان جمله را تشخیص دهیم. برای مثال اگر فعلی با ساختار «be + verb + ing» به کار برود، می‌توانیم بفهمیم که زمان جمله حال استمراری است. یا اگر فعلی به صورت «have / has + p.p» صرف شود، می‌توانیم نتیجه‌گیری کنیم که فرمول زمان ها در زبان انگلیسی برای جمله حال کامل تعریف شده است.

همچنین به کمک قید زمان انگلیسی می‌توانیم زمان جمله را تشخیص دهیم. در این آموزش از مجموعه آموزش‌های زبان انگلیسی مجله فرادرس، فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را یاد می‌گیریم و به کمک مثال‌های متنوع، مروری سریع بر ساختار جملات گذشته، حال و آینده خواهیم داشت. همچنین، برای هر مبحث زمانی، تمرین‌هایی را با پاسخ در اختیار شما قرار می‌دهیم تا بتوانید عملکرد خود را ارزیابی کنید.

انواع زمان ها در انگلیسی

مهم‌ترین مبحث گرامری در زبان انگلیسی یادگیری انواع زمان‌ها است. هدف از به کار بردن زمان‌های مختلف در انگلیسی این است که زمان وقوع عمل را به مخاطب نشان دهیم. یک اصل حیاتی در رابطه با زمان‌های انگلیسی این است که هر زمانی را در موقعیت درستی به کار ببریم و همین امر باعث شده که این مبحث گرامری با چالش‌های فراوانی روبه‌رو شود.

مطلب پیشنهادی:

زمان ها در زبان انگلیسی

شروع مطالعه

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زبان انگلیسی از سه زمان اصلی «گذشته»، «حال» و «آینده» تشکیل شده است. هر یک از این زمان‌ها خود به چهار زیرمجموعه «ساده»، «استمراری»، «کامل» و «کامل استمراری» تقسیم می‌شوند. در نتیجه می‌توان گفت که زبان انگلیسی از ۱۲ زمان مختلف تشکیل شده است. بدون شک، یادگیری زمان‌های انگلیسی، اهمیت زیادی دارد و استفاده از […]

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زمان‌ها در زبان انگلیسی به سه دسته کلی «گذشته» (Past)، «حال» (Present) و «آینده» (Future) تقسیم می‌شود. هر یک از این زمان‌ها خودشان به چهار زیرمجموعه دیگر تقسیم می‌شوند و در مجموع ۱۲ زمان مختلف در زبان انگلیسی تعریف شده است. به همین دلیل یادگیری تک‌تک زمان‌ها می‌تواند گاهی دشوار باشد و زبان‌آموزان در انتخاب زمان مناسب مردد شوند. برای این‌که بتوانیم بر انواع زمان‌های انگلیسی تسلط کامل پیدا کنیم، بهترین راه یادگیری فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی است. در این آموزش قصد داریم فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را به کمک مثال و تمرین‌های متنوع یاد بگیریم. اما قبل از آن در جدول زیر می‌توانید انواع زمان‌ها را در زبان انگلیسی با ذکر نام فارسی و انگلیسی آن‌ها مرور کنید.

زمان‌های انگلیسی (English Tenses)
گذشته (Past) حال (Present) آینده (Future)

گذشته ساده

(Past Simple)

حال ساده

(Present Simple)

آینده ساده

(Future Simple)

گذشته استمراری

(Past Continuous)

حال استمراری

(Present Continuous)

آینده استمراری

(Future Continuous)

گذشته کامل

(Past Perfect)

حال کامل

(Present Perfect)

آینده کامل

(Future Perfect)

گذشته کامل استمراری

(Past Perfect Continuous)

حال کامل استمراری

(Present Perfect Continuous)

آینده کامل استمراری

(Future Perfect Continuous)

یادگیری زمان های انگلیسی با فرادرس

یکی از راه‌های یادگیری دستور زبان انگلیسی، کتاب‌ است که در بیشتر آموزشگاه‌ها به عنوان منبعی معتبر برای تدریس استفاده می‌شود. برخی از این کتاب‌ها، مانند کتاب «Basic Grammar In Use» به طور اختصاصی دستور زبان انگلیسی را آموزش می‌دهند. برای مطالعه این کتاب‌ها می‌توانید از فیلم‌های آموزشی که فرادرس تهیه کرده کمک بگیرید. این فیلم‌ها توضیحات کامل و دقیقی را به صورت درس به درس درباره این کتاب ارائه داده‌اند و یادگیری گرامر را به صورت تدریجی پیش می‌برند. برای مشاهده این فیلم‌ها می‌توانید به لینک‌های زیر مراجعه کنید.

همچنین برای یادگیری دستور زبان انگلیسی، مشاهده فیلم‌های زیر از فرادرس را توصیه می‌کنیم.

برای مشاهده فیلم آموزش زبان انگلیسی فرادرس روی تصویر کلیک کنید.

فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی

همان‌طور که در ابتدای مطلب اشاره شد، زمان‌ها در زبان انگلیسی به ۱۲ دسته مختلف تقسیم می‌شوند. فرمول هر یک از این زمان‌ها را در جدولی به طور کلی ارائه کرده‌ایم. اما در ادامه مطلب، به طور جداگانه برای هر یک بررسی خواهیم کرد. در نظر داشته باشید که یادگیری زمان‌های انگلیسی نیازمند تمرین است و برای تسلط پیدا کردن به این مبحث گرامری مهم و ارزشمند، لازم است در کنار آشنایی با فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی در «Context» آن‌ها را بشناسیم و به کمک مثال و تمرین یاد بگیریم.

فیلم مجموعه آموزش زبان انگلیسی – مقدماتی تا پیشرفته در فرادرس

کلیک کنید

فرمول زمان حال

زمان حال برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که یا در زمان حال انجام می‌شود یا ارتباطی با زمان حال دارد. زمان حال در زبان انگلیسی به چهار دسته زیر تقسیم می‌شود:

  • «حال ساده» (Present Simple Tense)
  • «حال استمراری» (Present Continuous Tense)
  • «حال کامل» (Present Perfect Tense)
  • «حال کامل استمراری» (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

در آموزش‌های قبلی مجله فرادرس درباره انواع زمان حال در انگلیسی توضیح دادیم. برای مطالعه بیشتر می‌توانید به لینک مربوطه مراجعه کنید. در ادامه فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای انواع زمان حال توضیح می‌دهیم.

۱. فرمول زمان حال ساده در انگلیسی

زمان حال ساده در انگلیسی برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که به طور منظم یا از روی عادت تکرار می‌شود. فعالیت‌های روزانه مانند بیدار شدن از خواب، غذا خوردن، به مدرسه یا دانشگاه رفتن، همه می‌توانند جملاتی باشند که با فعل حال ساده ساخته می‌شوند. همچنین برخی فعالیت‌ها مانند ورزش کردن که شاید روزانه انجام نشود یا کارهایی مانند سفر کردن، بیرون رفتن با دوستان که هر از گاهی صورت می‌گیرد نیز جملات حال ساده هستند. به مثال زیر دقت کنید.

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در مثال فوق، «go» فعل حال ساده است که برای فاعل «I» که اول‌شخص مفرد است، به شکل ساده به کار رفته است. پس از فعل هم «to school» نقش مفعول جمله را دارد و در انتهای جمله نیز از قید زمان «on weekdays» استفاده شده که مخصوص حال ساده است. این جمله یک جمله خبری مثبت است و جملات خبری حال ساده به عنوان اساس و پایه همه زمان‌های انگلیسی در نظر گرفته می‌شوند. اما با توجه به فاعل جمله، صرف فعل زمان حال ساده تغییر می‌کند. اگر ضمیر فاعلی «I/you/we/they» باشد، از فعل «go» برای آن استفاده می‌کنیم و اگر «I/she/he/it» باشد، به فعل حال ساده s سوم‌شخص اضافه می‌کنیم و مثلاً برای فعل «goes» به شکل نوشته می‌شود.

در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی حال ساده مشاهده کنید.

فرمول حال ساده در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + verb + object.
جمله منفی Subject + don’t / doesn’t + verb + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Do / Does + subject + verb + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + do / does + subject + verb?

به چند مثال زیر دقت کنید تا با ساختار جملات حال ساده در انگلیسی بیشتر آشنا شوید.

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زمان حال ساده با فعل to be هم ساخته می‌شود. برای این منظور، فرمول‌های زیر را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی به کار می‌بریم:

[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20am%2Fis%2Fare%20%2B%20complement%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20am%20not%2Fisn’t%2Faren’t%20%2B%20complement%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EAm%2FIs%2FAre%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20complement%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20am%2Fis%2Fare%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20complement%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]برای درک بهتر مثال‌های زیر و ترجمه فارسی آن‌ها را بخوانید.

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۲. فرمول زمان حال استمراری در انگلیسی

حال استمراری در انگلیسی برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در همین لحظه که مشغول حرف زدن هستیم، در حال رخ دادن است و ممکن است برای مدت کوتاهی ادامه داشته باشد. برای مثال، در همین لحظه شما مشغول خواندن این مطلب هستید. همکار شما شاید مشغول کار کردن باشد. یا شاید خواهر شما در حال صحبت کردن پای تلفن است. همه این اتفاق‌ها در همین لحظه دارد اتفاق می‌افتد و به همین دلیل باید فعل را به شکلی به کار ببریم که استمرار عمل را نشان دهد. ساختار فعل را با to be و فعل اصلی مشخص می‌کنیم که با ing همراه شده است و به صورت «am/is/are + verb + ing» نوشته می‌شود.

«am» برای «I» به کار می‌رود، «are» برای «you/we/they» و «is» برای «he/she/it» استفاده می‌شود. مثال‌های زیر را ببینید تا با فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی برای زمان حال استمراری بیشتر آشنا شوید.

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مثال‌های فوق برای جملات مثبت حال استمراری نوشته شده است. در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی حال استمراری مشاهده کنید.

فرمول حال استمراری در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + am/is/are + verb + ing + object.
جمله منفی Subject + am not/isn’t/aren’t + verb + ing + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Am/Is/Are + subject + verb + ing + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + am/is/are + subject + verb + ing?

به چند مثال با زمان حال استمراری برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی توجه کنید تا با ساختار هر یک بیشتر آشنا شوید.

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۳. فرمول زمان حال کامل در انگلیسی

زمان حال کامل در انگلیسی برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در گذشته شروع شده است و در همان گذشته تمام شده، اما ارتباطی با زمان حال دارد. یعنی می‌توان گفت که اثر آن تا به این لحظه باقی مانده است. فرض کنید تیم والیبال برنده مسابقات قهرمانی شده است. این جمله را به زبان انگلیسی چگونه می‌نویسید؟ بدون شک باید از ساختار فعلی کمک بگیریم که هم نشان دهد عمل در گذشته رخ داده و هم نشان دهد که اثر آن (خوشحالی بچه‌های تیم و اخبارهای مربوطه) در زمان حال مشاهده می‌شود. بنابراین از فعل حال کامل استفاده می‌کنیم که فرمول آن به شکل «have/has + p.p» تعریف می‌شود. پس برای مثال فوق خواهیم داشت:

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در مثال فوق، بعد از فاعل که سوم‌شخص مفرد است، از فعل حال کامل با ساختار «have/has +p.p» استفاده کرده‌ایم. «p.p» مخفف «Past Participle» است که در زبان فارسی به آن شکل سوم فعل گفته می‌شود و برای زمان‌های کامل (حال کامل، گذشته کامل و آینده کامل) به کار می‌رود. سپس در صورت نیاز و اگر «فعل متعدی» (Transitive Verb) باشد، می‌توانیم مفعول را نیز به آن اضافه کنیم.

مطلب پیشنهادی:

فاعل در انگلیسی چیست ؟ — به زبان ساده و با مثال

شروع مطالعه

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در این مطلب فاعل در انگلیسی را تعریف می‌کنیم، انواع آن را توضیح می‌دهیم و جایگاه آن در جمله و روش تشخیصش را بررسی می‌کنیم.

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https://blog.faradars.org/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%9F/#:~:text=%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%20%D8%AF%D8%B1%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%20%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%20%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C,%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%8C%20%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%20%D9%87%D9%85%20%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%20%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF.

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در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی حال کامل مشاهده کنید.

فرمول حال کامل در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + have/has +p.p + object.
جمله منفی Subject + haven’t/hasn’t + p.p + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Have/Has + subject + p.p + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + have/has + subject + p.p?

به چند مثال زیر توجه کنید که برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی حال کامل ساخته شده است. ترجمه فارسی و تلفظ صوتی آن‌ را نیز می‌توانید مرور کنید.

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۴. فرمول زمان حال کامل استمراری در انگلیسی

زمان حال کامل استمراری برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در زمان گذشته شروع شده است، اما همچنان تا زمان حال و شاید حتی در آینده ادامه داشته باشد. بنابراین، می‌توان گفت که زمان حال کامل وقتی در حالت دوم، یعنی ادامه داشتن تا زمان حال به کار برود، به‌نوعی به شکل حال کامل استمراری در نظر گرفته می‌شود. درواقع، حال کامل استمراری نوعی از زمان حال کامل است که بیشتر روی تداوم و استمرار عمل تأکید می‌کند. به همین دلیل به زمان مشخصی اشاره ندارد و روی بازه زمانی وقوع عمل متمرکز است.

فیلم آموزش گرامر زبان انگلیسی – کتاب Basic Grammar In Use – فصل ۱ تا ۳ در فرادرس

کلیک کنید

فرض کنید به عنوان معلم زبان انگلیسی ۱۰ سال مشغول تدریس بوده‌اید. یعنی ده سال پیش تدریس را شروع کرده‌اید و البته همچنان در این حرفه مشغولید. بنابراین، وقتی می‌خواهیم این جمله را به زبان انگلیسی ترجمه کنیم، باید فعل را به شکل حال کامل استمراری به کار ببریم تا نشان دهد که عمل ده سال پیش (در گذشته) شروع شده و همچنان هم ادامه دارد. ساختار فعل حال کامل استمراری با «ing» همراه است تا استمرار عمل را نشان دهد. همچنین به دلیل ارتباطی از گذشته با حال دارد، کمی شبیه حال کامل نیز هست، یعنی با «have» و «has» همراه می‌شود. پس به صورت «have/has + been + verb +ing» نوشته می‌شود. برای درک بهتر مثال فوق را به انگلیسی ترجمه کرده‌ایم.

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همان‌طور که مشاهده می‌کنید، با توجه به فاعل جمله که اول‌شخص مفرد است، فعل کمکی «have» به کار می‌رود. برای قید زمان هم چون مدت زمان وقوع عمل برای ما اهمیت دارد، از «for» یا «since» کمک می‌گیریم. در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی حال کامل استمراری مشاهده کنید.

فرمول حال کامل استمراری در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + have/has + been + verb + ing + object.
جمله منفی Subject + haven’t/hasn’t + been + verb + ing + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Have/Has + subject + been + verb + ing + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + have/has + subject + been + verb + ing?

به چند مثال حال کامل استمراری در انگلیسی توجه کنید تا با ساختار جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی آشنا شوید.

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تمرین زمان حال

برای ارزیابی عملکرد خود در رابطه با «مطلب فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی»، می‌توانید از تمرین‌هایی که در ادامه در اختیار شما قرار گرفته است استفاده کنید. این آزمون‌ها هر یک از چهار حالت زمان حال را مورد ارزیابی قرار داده‌اند. پس از پاسخ دادن به تمامی پرسش‌ها و ظاهر شدن دکمه «دریافت نتیجه آزمون»، می‌توانید نمره عملکردتان را مشاهده کنید و جواب‌های درست و نادرست را نیز ببینید. پاسخ سؤالات نیز بعد از هر آزمون آمده است.

تمرین اول

جاهای خالی را با فعل‌های داخل پرانتز برای زمان حال ساده کامل کنید.

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bg_color=”yellow”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EQ10%3C%2Fb%3E%3A%20______%20Elisabeth%20_______%20cola%3F%20(to%20drink)%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%5Bsu_spoiler%20title%3D%22%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%22%20style%3D%22fancy%22%5D%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EAnswer%3C%2Fb%3E%3A%20%3Cspan%20style%3D%22color%3A%20%23008000%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EDoes%3C%2Fb%3E%20%3C%2Fspan%3EElisabeth%20%3Cspan%20style%3D%22color%3A%20%23008000%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3Edrink%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%20cola%3F%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%5B%2Fsu_spoiler%5D%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]

تمرین دوم

جاهای خالی را با فعل حال کامل پر کنید.

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تمرین سوم

جاهای خالی زیر را با فعل مناسب حال کامل یا حال کال استمراری پر کنید.

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تمرین چهارم

با کلمات داخل پرانتز جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی حال استمراری بسازید.

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فرمول زمان گذشته

زمان گذشته برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که یا در زمان مشخصی در گذشته شروع و تمام شده است. زمان گذشته در زبان انگلیسی به چهار دسته زیر تقسیم می‌شود:

  • «گذشته ساده» (Past Simple Tense)
  • «گذشته استمراری» (Past Continuous Tense)
  • «گذشته کامل» (Past Perfect Tense)
  • «گذشته کامل استمراری» (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)

در ادامه فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای انواع زمان گذشته توضیح می‌دهیم.

۱. فرمول زمان گذشته ساده در انگلیسی

زمان گذشته ساده در انگلیسی برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در گذشته و در زمان مشخصی شروع شده و در همان زمان مشخص تمام شده است. برای مثال، وقتی درباره کاری که دیروز انجام دادید، یا اتفاقی که دیشب، هفته گذشته، ماه گذشته یا سال گذشته افتاده است، از زمان گذشته ساده کمک می‌گیریم. فرض کنید می‌خواهید درباره کارهایی صحبت کنید که هفته گذشته انجام دادید. یکی از آن‌ها رفتن به سینما و دیگری رفتن به خانه پدربزرگ و مادربزرگ و دیدار با آن‌ها بوده است. اگر بخواهیم این دو جمله را به زبان انگلیسی بنویسیم، خواهیم داشت:

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در دو مثال فوق، جمله با فاعل شروع شده که در هر دو مثال «I» است. بعد از آن فعل در حالت گذشته ساده به کار رفته است که در مثال اول «went» و در مثال دوم «visit» است. «went» گذشته «go» و «visited» گذشته «visit» است. در ادامه مفعول را داریم که در مثال اول «to the movies» و در مثال دوم «visited» است. در انتها هم از قید زمان استفاده «last week» استفاده شده است.

در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی گذشته ساده مشاهده کنید.

فرمول گذشته ساده در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + verb + object.
جمله منفی Subject + didn’t + verb + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Did + subject + verb + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + did + subject + verb?

به چند مثال زیر دقت کنید که با گذشته ساده برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی ساخته شده است. همچنین توصیه می‌کنیم برای درک بهتر انواع زمان‌های انگلیسی، فیلم آموزش گرامر مقدماتی زبان انگلیسی سطح A1 فرادرس را مشاهده کنید که زمان‌ها را در سطوح مقدماتی و به زبان ساده آموزش داده است. در این آموزش به مباحث مهمی مانند فعل to be اشاره شده است و زمان‌های حال ساده، حال استمراری، گذشته ساده، آینده و… بررسی شده است. لینک این فیلم آموزشی را در ادامه می‌توانید مشاهده کنید.

فیلم آموزش گرامر مقدماتی زبان انگلیسی – سطح A1 در فرادرس

کلیک کنید

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۲. فرمول زمان گذشته استمراری در انگلیسی

گذشته استمراری در انگلیسی برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در زمان گذشته برای مدت مشخصی در حال استمرار بوده و معمولاً عمل دیگری آن را برای مدتی یا به‌کل متوقف کرده است. عمل دومی که باعث متوقف شدن عمل اول می‌شود، معمولاً در زمان گذشته به کار می‌رود. مثال زیر را در نظر بگیرید.

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به کمک مثال فوق به خوبی می‌توانیم زمان گذشته استمراری را توضیح دهیم. همان‌طور که مشاهده می‌کنید، دو عمل اتفاق افتاده است و به کمک قید زمان «when» که در این نوع جملات به معنای «که» است، به هم وصل شده‌‌اند. جمله اول زمان گذشته استمراری را نشان می‌دهد که با ساختار فعل «was/were + verb + ing» مشخص می‌شود. در این مثال «was» به کار رفته چون فاعل اول‌شخص مفرد است. از ترجمه فارسی آن نیز مشخص است که عمل در گذشته در حال تداوم بوده و توسط عمل دوم قطع شده است. یعنی گوینده در حیاط داشته بازی می‌کرده که با تماس تلفنی مادرش دست از بازی کردن برداشته و به احتمال زیاد به تلفن پاسخ داده است. حالا دو احتمال برای بعد از تماس تلفنی وجود دارد. احتمال اول این است که بعد از تماس تلفنی دوباره به حیاط برگشته و به بازی کردن ادامه داده است. احتمال دوم هم می‌تواند این باشد که بعد از تماس تلفنی دیگر دست از بازی کردن برداشته و ادامه نداده است.

مهم نیست که بعد از تماس تلفنی چه اتفاقی افتاده است. مهم این است که عمل بازی کردن در حیاط برای مدتی انجام شده است، اما در آن لحظه که تلفن زنگ خورده، متوقف شده یا به بیان ساده‌تر ناتمام مانده است. برای زمان گذشته ساده هم فعل را به شکل گذشته (باقاعده و بی‌قاعده) به کار می‌بریم که تفاوت عمل دوم را با عمل اول مشخص می‌کند.

در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی گذشته استمراری مشاهده کنید.

فرمول گذشته استمراری در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + was/were + verb + ing + object.
جمله منفی Subject + wasn’t/weren’t + verb + ing + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Was/Were + subject + verb + ing + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + was/were + subject + verb + ing?

برای درک بهتر فرمول زمان‌ها در انگلیسی برای زمان گذشته استمراری، می‌توانید مثال‌های زیر را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی مرور کنید.

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۳. فرمول زمان گذشته کامل در انگلیسی

گذشته کامل در انگلیسی برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در زمان گذشته قبل از عمل دیگری کامل یا تمام شده است. معمولاً برای ساختن گذشته کامل از قید زمان before استفاده می‌کنیم که دو جمله را به هم وصل می‌کند. عملی که زودتر شروع شده گذشته کامل است و عملی که بعد از آن رخ داده با گذشته ساده ساخته می‌شود. مثال زیر را در نظر بگیرید.

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همان‌طور که در مثال زیر مشاهده می‌کنید، دو جمله با قید زمان before به هم وصل شده‌اند. جمله اول گذشته کامل است و فعل آن با ساختار «had + p.p» نوشته می‌شود. یعنی مخاطب با گفتن این جمله قبل از جمله گذشته ساده می‌خواهد به مخاطب این را منتقل کند که یاد گرفتن زبان انگلیسی قبل از رفتن او به لندن صورت گرفته است. اول زبان انگلیسی یاد گرفته و سپس به لندن رفته است.

ساختار فوق را برای جملات مثبت گذشته کامل مشاهده کردید. در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی گذشته کامل ببینید.

فرمول گذشته کامل در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + verb + object.
جمله منفی Subject + don’t / doesn’t + verb + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Do / Does + subject + verb + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + do / does + subject + verb?

برای درک بهتر فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی برای زمان‌ گذشته کامل، می‌توانید مثال‌‌های زیر را بخوانید که برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی ساخته شده است.

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۴. فرمول زمان گذشته کامل استمراری در انگلیسی

گذشته کامل استمراری برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در گذشته شروع شده است و برای مدتی ادامه داشته تا این‌که عمل دیگری رخ داده و فقط اندکی قبل از عمل دوم تمام شده است. پس ساختار فعل گذشته کامل استمراری باید به گونه‌ای باشد که هم کامل شدن عمل در گذشته را نشان دهد و هم بر استمرار آن تأکید داشته باشد. شاید درک این زمان کمی سخت باشد. بیایید مثالی بزنیم.

فیلم آموزش گرامر مقدماتی زبان انگلیسی – سطح A1 در فرادرس

کلیک کنید

فرض کنید دیروز از صبح تا عصر مشغول کار کردن بر روی پروژه خود بوده‌اید و اندکی بعد از آن‌که کار تمام شد، اداره را ترک کردید. مثال را به شکل زیر می‌نویسیم:

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همان‌طور که مشاهده می‌کنید، جمله اول با ساختار فعل «had been working» نشان می‌دهد که عمل در گذشته برای بازه زمانی دو ساعت در حال استمرار بوده است. جمله دوم که با before به جمله اول وصل شده بیانگر این است که عمل اول تمام شده و سپس شخص اداره را ترک می‌کند. این جمله دو قید زمان دارد، «for two hours» بازه زمانی وقوع عمل اول را نشان می‌دهد و «before» دو جمله را به هم وصل می‌کند. جمله فوق را برای جملات مثبت نوشته‌ایم. در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی گذشته کامل استمراری مشاهده کنید.

فرمول گذشته کامل استمراری در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + had + been + verb + ing + object.
جمله منفی Subject + hadn’t + verb + ing + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Had + subject + been + verb + ing + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + had + subject + been + verb + ing?

برای درک بهتر فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی برای زمان گذشته کامل استمراری می‌توانید مثال‌های زیر را مرور کنید.

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تمرین زمان گذشته

برای ارزیابی عملکرد خود در رابطه با «مطلب فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی»، می‌توانید از تمرین‌هایی که در ادامه در اختیار شما قرار گرفته است استفاده کنید. این آزمون‌ها شامل چند سوال درباره گذشته ساده، گذشته استمراری، گذشته کامل و گذشته کامل استمراری است. پس از پاسخ دادن به تمامی پرسش‌ها و ظاهر شدن دکمه «دریافت نتیجه آزمون»، می‌توانید نمره عملکردتان را مشاهده کنید و جواب‌های درست و نادرست را نیز ببینید. پاسخ سؤالات نیز بعد از هر آزمون آمده است.

تمرین اول

جاهای خالی را با فعل گذشته ساده کامل کنید.

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تمرین دوم

جاهای خالی را با فعل گذشته ساده یا گذشته کامل پر کنید.

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bg_color=”yellow”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EQ9%3C%2Fb%3E%3A%20I%20______%20(to%20be)%20very%20tired%20because%20I%20_______%20(to%20study)%20too%20much.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%5Bsu_spoiler%20title%3D%22%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%22%20style%3D%22fancy%22%5D%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EAnswer%3C%2Fb%3E%3A%20I%20%3Cspan%20style%3D%22color%3A%20%23008000%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3Ewas%3C%2Fb%3E%20%3C%2Fspan%3Every%20tired%20because%20I%3Cspan%20style%3D%22color%3A%20%23008000%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3E%20had%20studied%3C%2Fb%3E%20%3C%2Fspan%3Etoo%20much.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%5B%2Fsu_spoiler%5D%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute][fdbqoute bg_color=”yellow”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EQ10%3C%2Fb%3E%3A%20They%20______%20(to%20ride)%20their%20bikes%20before%20they%20_____%20(to%20meet)%20their%20friends.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%5Bsu_spoiler%20title%3D%22%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%22%20style%3D%22fancy%22%5D%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EAnswer%3C%2Fb%3E%3A%20They%20%3Cspan%20style%3D%22color%3A%20%23008000%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3Ehad%20ridden%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%20their%20bikes%20before%20they%20%3Cspan%20style%3D%22color%3A%20%23008000%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3Emet%3C%2Fb%3E%20%3C%2Fspan%3Etheir%20friends.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%5B%2Fsu_spoiler%5D%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]

تمرین سوم

جاهای خالی را با فعل گذشته کامل استمراری کامل کنید.

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bg_color=”yellow”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EQ9%3C%2Fb%3E%3A%20We%20______%20(go)%20out%20for%20three%20years%20when%20we%20got%20married.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%5Bsu_spoiler%20title%3D%22%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%22%20style%3D%22fancy%22%5D%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EAnswer%3C%2Fb%3E%3A%20We%20%3Cspan%20style%3D%22color%3A%20%23008000%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3Ehad%20been%20going%20out%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%20out%20for%20three%20years%20when%20we%20got%20married.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%5B%2Fsu_spoiler%5D%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute][fdbqoute bg_color=”yellow”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EQ10%3C%2Fb%3E%3A%20It%20_______%20(snow)%20for%20three%20days.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%5Bsu_spoiler%20title%3D%22%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%22%20style%3D%22fancy%22%5D%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EAnswer%3C%2Fb%3E%3A%20It%20%3Cspan%20style%3D%22color%3A%20%23008000%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3Ehad%20been%20snowing%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%20for%20three%20days.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20left%3B%22%3E%5B%2Fsu_spoiler%5D%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]

تمرین چهارم

جاهای خالی را با فعل گذشته ساده کامل کنید.

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فرمول زمان آینده

زمان آینده برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در زمان آینده رخ می‌دهد یا ادامه خواهد داشت. زمان آینده در زبان انگلیسی به چهار دسته زیر تقسیم می‌شود:

  • «آینده ساده» (Future Simple Tense)
  • «آینده استمراری» (Future Continuous Tense)
  • «آینده کامل» (Future Perfect Tense)
  • «آینده کامل استمراری» (Future Perfect Continuous Tense)

در آموزش‌های قبلی مجله فرادرس درباره انواع زمان آینده در انگلیسی توضیح دادیم. برای مطالعه بیشتر می‌توانید به لینک مربوطه مراجعه کنید. در ادامه فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای انواع زمان حال توضیح می‌دهیم.

۱. فرمول زمان آینده ساده در انگلیسی

وقتی کاری را در زمان آینده می‌دهیم، باید از فعل آینده استفاده کنیم. آینده ساده در انگلیسی با فعل «will + verb» ساخته می‌شود و به عملی اشاره دارد که در زمان آینده انجام خواهد شد. به دو جمله زیر دقت کنید.

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هر دو مثال به زمان آینده اشاره می‌کند و این از ساختار فعل و همین‌طور از قید زمان هر دو جمله مشخص است. ساختار هر دو جمله از «فاعل + فعل + مفعول» تبعیت می‌کند. فعل جمله با «will + verb» ساخته شده و بعد از آن مفعول آمده است. بنابراین، ساختار جملات آینده ساده نیز مانند سایر جملات از سه جزء اصلی فاعل، فعل و مفعول ساخته شده است و برای آینده ساده فعل به صورت «will + verb» به کار می‌رود. «will» در جملات آینده ساده مشخصه زمان آینده است و بعد از آن شکل ساده فعل اصلی به کار می‌رود.

در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی آینده ساده مشاهده کنید.

فرمول آینده ساده در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + will + verb + object.
جمله منفی Subject + won’t + verb + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Will + subject + verb + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + will + subject + verb?

به چند مثال زیر توجه کنید که برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی آینده ساده ساخته شده است.

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۲. فرمول زمان آینده استمراری در انگلیسی

آینده استمراری در انگلیسی برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در زمان مشخصی در آینده ادامه خواهد داشت. برای مثال، اگر شما هفته دیگر همین موقع، طبق روال همیشه سر کار باشید، یعنی درباره زمانی صحبت می‌کنید که در آینده رخ خواهد داد و در آن لحظه شما مشغول انجام دادن کارتان خواهید بود. پس کار در آینده در حال تداوم است. جمله انگلیسی آن را به صورت زیر تعریف می‌کنیم:

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همان‌طور که در مثال فوق مشاهده می‌کنید، فعل جمله «will be working» است، زیرا هم باید آینده را توصیف کند و هم استمرار عمل را نشان دهد. به همین دلیل به صورت «will + be + verb + ing» به کار می‌رود. این جمله در حالت مثبت نوشته شده است. در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی آینده استمراری مشاهده کنید.

فرمول آینده استمراری در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + will + be + verb + ing + object.
جمله منفی Subject + won’t + be + verb + ing + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Will + subject + be + verb + ing + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + will + subject + be + verb + ing?

به مثال‌های زیر توجه کنید تا فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی آینده استمراری یاد بگیرید.

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۳. فرمول زمان آینده کامل در انگلیسی

آینده کامل در انگلیسی برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در زمان مشخصی در آینده کامل خواهد شد. فرض کنید هر روز صبح به سر کار می‌روید و ساعت ۵ طبق روال همیشه کارتان تمام می‌شود و اداره را ترک می‌کنید. حالا می‌خواهید درباره این عمل صحبت کنید، اما در زمان آینده. مثلاً می‌خواهید بگویید که فردا تا قبل از ساعت ۵ کارتان تمام شده است. این جمله را به شکل زیر می‌نویسیم.

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این جمله درباره زمان کاری شما در آینده (فردا) است که تا قبل از زمان مشخصی (قبل از ۵ عصر) کامل خواهد شد. به همین دلیل فعل آن را به صورت آینده کامل به کار می‌بریم. ساختار جمله نیز مانند سایر زمان‌های انگلیسی از «فاعل + فعل + مفعول» تشکیل شده است، اما فعل آینده کامل به شکل «will + have + p.p» صرف می‌شود.

مثال فوق فرمول زمان ها در زبان انگلیسی برای جملات مثبت آینده کامل است. در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی آینده کامل مشاهده کنید.

فرمول آینده کامل در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + will + have + p.p + object.
جمله منفی Subject + won’t + have + p.p + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Will + subject + have + p.p + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + will + subject + have + p.p?

به مثال‌های زیر توجه کنید تا فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی آینده کامل یاد بگیرید.

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۴. فرمول زمان آینده کامل استمراری در انگلیسی

آینده کامل استمراری در انگلیسی برای توصیف عملی به کار می‌رود که در زمان آینده برای مدتی ادامه پیدا خواهد کرد و قبل از شروع عمل دیگری کامل خواهد شد. فعل آینده کامل استمراری با ساختار «will + have + been + verb + ing» نوشته می‌شود. به مثال زیر دقت کنید.

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در مثال فوق، گوینده به این نکته اشاره دارد که تا قبل از رفتن «جان» برای مدت مشخصی (دو سال) فعالیتی را ادامه خواهد داد. این جمله نشان می‌دهد که عمل از گذشته تداوم داشته است و بعد از دو سال، تا قبل از زمان مشخصی در آینده کامل خواهد شد. جمله فوق یک جمله مثبت است. در جدول زیر می‌توانید فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی آینده کامل استمراری مشاهده کنید.

فرمول آینده کامل استمراری در انگلیسی
جمله مثبت Subject + will + have + been + verb + ing + object.
جمله منفی Subject + won’t + have + been + verb + ing + object.
جمله سوالی بله یا خیر Will + subject + have + been + verb + ing + object?
جمله سوالی با wh Wh-word + will + subject + have + been + verb + ing?

به مثال‌های زیر توجه کنید تا فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای جملات مثبت، منفی و سوالی آینده کامل استمراری یاد بگیرید.

 

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تمرین زمان آینده

برای ارزیابی عملکرد خود در رابطه با «مطلب فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی»، می‌توانید از تمرین‌هایی که در ادامه در اختیار شما قرار گرفته است استفاده کنید. آزمون‌ها شامل چند سوال درباره آینده ساده، آینده استمراری، آینده کامل و آینده کامل استمراری است. پس از پاسخ دادن به تمامی پرسش‌ها و ظاهر شدن دکمه «دریافت نتیجه آزمون»، می‌توانید نمره عملکردتان را مشاهده کنید و جواب‌های درست و نادرست را نیز ببینید. پاسخ سؤالات نیز بعد از هر آزمون آمده است.

فیلم آموزش گرامر زبان انگلیسی – کتاب Basic Grammar In Use – فصل ۴ تا ۷ در فرادرس

کلیک کنید

تمرین اول

جاهای خالی را با فعل آینده ساده کامل کنید.

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تمرین دوم

جاهای خالی را با آینده ساده یا حال ساده کامل کنید.

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تمرین سوم

جاهای خالی را با فعل منفی آینده استمراری کامل کنید.

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تمرین چهارم

جاهای خالی را با فعل‌های مناسب زمان آینده کامل کنید.

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فرمول سایر زمان ها در انگلیسی

در بیشتر کتاب‌ها و منابع آموزشی، زمان‌های انگلیسی به دوازده نوع مختلف تقسیم شده‌اند که در ابتدای این مطلب به آن‌ها اشاره کردیم و در ادامه فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی را برای هر یک به طور کامل و با مثال بررسی کردیم. اما در برخی منابع، به چهار زمان دیگر نیز اشاره شده است که در این بخش از مطلب مجله فرادرس توضیح می‌دهیم. زمان‌هاس انگلیسی به زور کلی از سه بخش گذشته، حال و‌ آینده تشکیل شده است و هر یک در چهار دسته دیگر ساده، استمراری، کامل و کامل استمراری قرار می‌گیرد.

علاوه بر این ۱۲ زمان، چهار زمان دیگر در زبان انگلیسی عبارتند از:

  1. «زمان آینده در گذشته ساده» (Past Future Tense)
  2. «زمان آینده در گذشته استمراری» (Past Future Continuous Tense)
  3. «زمان آینده در گذشته کامل» (Past Future Perfect Tense)
  4. «زمان آینده در گذشته کامل استمراری» (Past Future erfect Continuous Tense)

فرمول هر یک از این زمان‌ها را در جدول زیر مشاهده می‌کنید. در ادامه، برای هر یک از این زمان‌ها مثالی نیز آورده شده است.

 سایر زمان‌های انگلیسی فرمول

آینده در گذشته ساده

Past Futrue Tense

 Subject + would + verb

آینده در گذشته استمراری

Past Future Continuous Tense

 Subject + should/would + be + verb (+ing)

آینده در گذشته کامل

Past Future Perfect Tense

 Subject + should / would + have + p.p

آینده در گذشته کامل استمراری

Past Future Perfect Tense

 Subject + would have been + verb (+ing)
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تقویت زبان انگلیسی با فرادرس

در این مطلب با فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی آشنا شدیم و مثال‌های متنوعی از آن‌ها را برای هر یک از زمان‌ها یاد گرفتیم. اگر از آن دسته از افرادی هستید که به مشاهده فیلم‌های آموزشی زبان انگلیسی علاقه دارند و از محتوای ویدئویی در کنار محتوای متنی برای تقویت زبان انگلیسی استفاده می‌کنند، توصیه می‌کنیم گریزی به فیلم‌های آموزشی فرادرس بزنید که انواع مباحث گرامری را از سطوح پایه تا سطوح متوسط و پیشرفته تهیه کرده است. این آموزش‌های در قالب فیلم‌های مختلف و به زبان ساده و دسته‌بندی‌شده در دسترس زبان‌آموزان قرار گرفته است و به کمک آن‌ها می‌توانید مرحله به مرحله شاهد پیشرفت خود باشید. در ادامه لینک برخی از این آموزش‌ها را معرفی کرده‌ایم.

همچنین اگر قصد دارید با اشتباهات رایج گرامری آشنا شوید و خطاهای خود را نیز به مرور برطرف کنید، مشاهده فیلم زیر از فرادرس را به شما پیشنهاد می‌کنیم.

اما فیلم‌های آموزش فرادرس فقط مختص مباحث گرامری نیست؛ برای تقویت دایره لغات انگلیسی خود و آشنایی با اصطلاحات رایج انگلیسی می‌توانید از مجموعه فیلم‌‌های زیر از فرادرس کمک بگیرید:

برای دیدن فیلم آموزش مجموعه لغات انگلیسی فرادرس روی تصویر کلیک کنید.

همچنین به کمک فرادرس می‌توانید با انواع صفات انگلیسی، قیدها و ضمایر آشنا شوید که در مجموع می‌تواند در یادگیری و تقویت زبان انگلیسی مؤثر باشد. برای مشاهده مجموعه فیلم‌های آموزشی زبان انگلیسی فرادرس از مقدماتی تا پیشرفته می‌توانید به لینک زیر مراجعه کنید.

جمع‌بندی فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی

در این آموزش با فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی آشنا شدیم و ساختار هر یک را برای انواع زمان ها بررسی کردیم. آموختیم که زمان‌ها به طور کلی به سه دسته گذشته، حال و آینده تقسیم می‌شوند و هر یک از این سه حالت نیز خود شامل چهار دسته ساده، استمراری، کامل و کامل استمراری است. برای هر یک از این زمان‌ها ساختار فعل را تعریف کردیم و علاوه بر فرمول، در قالب مثال و تمرین‌های مختلف توضیح دادیم.

در ادامه به نکات مهمی در خصوص نحوه استفاده از زمان‌ها در جملات انگلیسی اشاره کردیم و باید و نبایدهایی را در این رابطه یاد گرفتیم. در بخش جمع‌بندی، فرمول هر یک از زمان‌ها را مشاهده می‌کنید که در این آموزش به طور کامل به آن‌‌ها اشاره شد.

۱. فرمول زمان حال

  • فرمول زمان حال ساده:
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  • فرمول زمان حال استمراری:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20am%2Fis%2Fare%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20am%20not%2Fisn’t%2Faren’t%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EAm%2FIs%2FAre%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20am%2Fis%2Fare%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]
  • فرمول زمان حال کامل:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20have%2Fhas%20%2Bp.p%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20haven’t%2Fhasn’t%20%2B%20p.p%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EHave%2FHas%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20p.p%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20have%2Fhas%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20p.p%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]
  • فرمول زمان حال کامل استمراری:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20have%2Fhas%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20haven’t%2Fhasn’t%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EHave%2FHas%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20have%2Fhas%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]

۲. فرمول زمان گذشته

  • فرمول زمان گذشته ساده:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20didn’t%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EDid%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20id%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20verb%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]
  • فرمول زمان گذشته استمراری:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20was%2Fwere%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20wasn’t%2Fweren’t%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWas%2FWere%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20was%2Fwere%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]
  • فرمول زمان گذشته کامل:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20don’t%20%2F%20doesn’t%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EDo%20%2F%20Does%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20do%20%2F%20does%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20verb%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]
  • فرمول زمان گذشته کامل استمراری:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20had%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20hadn’t%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EHad%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20had%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]

۳. فرمول زمان آینده

  • فرمول زمان آینده ساده:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20will%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20won’t%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWill%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20will%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20verb%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]
  • فرمول زمان آینده استمراری:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20will%20%2B%20be%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20will%20%2B%20be%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWill%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20be%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20will%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20be%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]
  • فرمول زمان آینده کامل:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20will%20%2B%20have%20%2B%20p.p%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20won’t%20%2B%20have%20%2B%20p.p%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWill%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20have%20%2B%20p.p%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20will%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20have%20%2B%20p.p%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]
  • فرمول زمان آینده کامل استمراری:
[fdbqoute bg_color=”blue-gray”]%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20will%20%2B%20have%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3ESubject%20%2B%20won’t%20%2B%20have%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object.%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWill%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20have%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%20%2B%20object%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%20dir%3D%22ltr%22%20style%3D%22text-align%3A%20center%3B%22%3E%3Cb%3EWh-word%20%2B%20will%20%2B%20subject%20%2B%20have%20%2B%20been%20%2B%20verb%20%2B%20ing%3F%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fp%3E[/fdbqoute]

مطلبی که در بالا مطالعه کردید بخشی از مجموعه مطالب «آموزش گرامر زبان انگلیسی – به زبان ساده» است. در ادامه، می‌توانید فهرست این مطالب را ببینید:

نوشته فرمول زمان ها در انگلیسی – مرور سریع با مثال و تمرین اولین بار در فرادرس – مجله‌. پدیدار شد.


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